European Approaches to Stopping Islamophobia are Inadequate: Lessons for Canadians Combating Anti-Muslim Racism and Hatred

The United Kingdom, France, and Spain have in common a large growing Muslim population. influx of immigrants refugees has left many European states fearful migrants because they perceive potential increases terrorism job insecurity, which would significant social economic policy implications. governments sought to strengthen security measures immigration laws, often with consequences that disproportionately negatively affect Muslims. At the same time, increased their efforts address Islamophobia improve integration, partly response growth reporting anti-Muslim hate crimes. Each aforementioned adopted different approaches tackle issues affecting communities. Although some countries (e.g., Spain) taken positive fight against Islamophobia, others France) pave way for disintegration segregation by entrenching low socioeconomic status, passing discriminatory blaming violent attacks on Muslims as whole. It appears nations examined this comparative analysis failed, varying degrees upholding values equitable diversity encouraging meaningful dialogue organizations. Their demonstrate clear lack adequate governmental levels Islamophobia.